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Transboundary water refers to water resources, such as rivers or lakes, that cross or are shared between two or more countries, necessitating regional cooperation for management and decision-making regarding rights and obligations…

The aim of IWRM is a more structural approach to disaster mitigation and living with water. IWRM provides the framework to reduce the frequency and impact of water related disasters. Proper drought and flood management planning and…

Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) are the suspended solids in the mixed liquor of an aeration tank. Mixed liquor is the mixture of the chemical components from the wastewater and the microbial components from the activated sludge.…

Water purification is an essential aspect of modern living, ensuring that every household has access to safe, clean, and potable water. The type of water purifier required varies significantly depending on the quality of the water supply in…

A bar screen is a crucial piece of equipment in wastewater treatment and other applications, designed to remove large, solid objects like rags, plastics, and debris from flowing water or other liquids. It typically consists of a series of…

The standard pressure relief for most distribution transformers is a pressure relief valve (or PRV). This valve operates automatically with a self-actuated spring. It can also be operated manually with the pull ring. Main Function of…

FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) vertical storage tanks are widely used in industrial fields. Their unique design and superior performance make them a leader in modern storage solutions. FRP, or Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic It’s a…

Wastewater centrifuges offer stable separation performance under fluctuating loads. With high clarification efficiency and modular automation, they’re ideal for treatment plants aiming to meet strict discharge requirements while minimizing…

Side stream industrial water filtration systems reduce the amount of suspended solids, organics, and silt particles by continuously filtering a percentage of the cooling tower water (5-15%). Left untreated, this will lead to scaling,…

The fundamental principle of nanofiltration membrane technology is the use of pressure to separate soluble ions from water through a semipermeable membrane. The membrane operates under a different hydraulic profile, which is also known as…